Engineering grade articles on industrial robot LOTO, ANSI R15.06, ISO 10218, ISO/TS 15066, and OSHA 1910.147 compliance for West Michigan manufacturers.
Removing the fence moves the safety case onto sensing and risk assessment. Why fenceless is not collaborative, where the ISO 13855 safety distance comes from, the performance level the safety functions need, and the gaps we find on audits.
A weld cell is four machines, not one. The separate weld power feed crews skip, the gun and fixture that close on a hand, when group lockout is required, and the citation patterns we find on West Michigan weld cell audits.
A locked-out robot is not a dead robot. Gravity on vertical axes, pneumatic and hydraulic energy, spring-applied brakes, and charged DC bus capacitors, and how OSHA 1910.147 requires each one controlled before service.
Selecting, mounting, and validating presence-sensing safeguards. Resolution, ISO 13855 safety distance, muting versus blanking, control-reliable circuits, and the integration gaps we find most on audits.
A palletizer cell is not one machine. The energy sources most procedures miss, the jam-clearing trap, gravity and suspended loads, group lockout, and the six gaps we find most on West Michigan palletizer audits.
The engineer's view of ISO/TS 15066. The four collaborative operation methods, biomechanical force and pressure limits, and the five compliance gaps we find on most fenceless cobot audits.
How the three governing standards for industrial robot cells actually fit together, the documentation stack that holds up to OSHA inspection, and the five gaps we find on most West Michigan audits.